Do I just buy a 4GB module?
Probably not as your memory configuration is likely served by 2x2GB modules for a total of four GB.
I would probably go for simplicity and simply order a single 8GB module, remove the existing memory and slot the new one in. That has the greatest possibility of working without fuss.
Are there any risks involved? It may sound a bit pathetic, but I don't think I've ever opened the back of a PC and I don't want to take any risks at all.
A backup of your data is always a good idea. I usually touch metal inside the case to equalise/remove static before commencing.
Youtube has a useful video showing how to access the memory modules on your machine.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6f6N0LHfREOther videos from Youtube show how to replace the hard drive, you may wish to watch a few of them as it appears the internal layout of your machine exists in several different configurations.
On the subject of hard drives, it appears your machine uses a laptop sized drive to save space. Any standard SSD drive is laptop size so you'll have no issues with it fitting.
What you may find is that a new SSD drive might be shallower top to bottom than the drive it replaces - In the old days, laptop drives were 9.5mm high, current units tend to be 7mm so you do run the risk of a new drive being smaller than the cage that locks it in place and rattling about. More of a problem with a portable laptop than a desktop but be aware.
The low tech solution is to pack it with some cardboard, or buy a dedicated spacer for a few pounds more.
I am a bit concerned at the advice about drive capacity, personally I would aim for 500GB - The Samsung 850 series 500GB units cost about £125 (Price from Amazon UK).
Bear in mind that should your computer fail, you'll be able to drop the SSD into any new machine you buy.
On that note, SSD drives seem to be both reliable and capable of giving some warning of impending failure if you're lucky. Conventional spinning hard drives can go without any warning.
My five year old Samsung 840 SSD drive reports its health as good, it cost a lot in 2013 (at least £250 for the 480GB model) but at a time when people were buying 64Gb or 128GB models, the extra money spent back then for a higher capacity model has meant I've not had to keep upgrading when space gets tight.
HTH
B.