Ok, so lets tackle this one, because it's fairly simple to explain.
Incoming solar energy arrives at various wavelengths. Mostly visible light, UV and some infrared.
The visible light portion passes through CO2 to strike the surface. However the surface is not a perfect reflector (obvious really, the earth does not have a mirrored surface). Some visible light is reflected back out into space (typically blue/green wavelengths hence the "blue planet"), but a major fraction of that energy is absorbed by materials at the earths surface, causing those materials to warm. Warm materials re-radiate some of this energy. Crucially this re-radiated energy is longwave infrared, which can itself be absorbed, reflected and reemitted by the various atmospheric greenhouse gases particularly in the thicker lower levels of the atmosphere.
For the earth to remain at the same temperature, physics tells us that the solar energy input must equal the radiated energy emitted from the planet. However due to this blanket of greenhouse gases that are transparent to short wavelengths like visible and UV, but optically opaque to re-radiated infrared, this isn't the case. Thus of the energy striking the earth, there is a slight imbalance between energy in, and energy out causing a heating, particularly near the surface and lower layers of the atmosphere where the greenhouse gas blanket is thickest ( most CO2 molecules being near the surface due to atmospheric pressure.)
Sadly I think that your simple explanation is long on sophistry and short on science. Let's start with "visible light". There is nothing different about what we call "visible light" other than the fact that we have organs evolved to respond to certain limited parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Electromagnetic radiation from the sun reaches the planet in a broad spectrum, most of which we cannot see. Nor is what we see the the highest energy radiation. What we call UV is orders of magnitude higher frequency than infra-red so photons of that frequency carry much higher energy. The fact that we feel infra-red radiation does not mean that it is the highest energy. We do not feel UV radiation yet it causes DNA damage due to its higher energies.
All incident radiation to the planet is either reflected, absorbed and/or re-emitted to some degree. Energy is conserved. So photon energy from an absorbed photon is added to the atom. Electrons may be moved to a higher energy state and energy is fully absorbed or other particles are emitted, including possibly lower energy photons.
Radiation is not the same thing as heat, which is roughly speaking the state of energy of matter. Another definition of heat is the ability to transfer energy to other matter with a lower energy state.
It is correct to say that the temperature of the planet (or more correctly the atmosphere of the planet) is a consequence of energy balance. It is quite wrong to say that due to "greenhouse gas" the energy balance is permanently changed and this results in a warmer atmosphere. If the energy balance was constantly changed due to the presence of any "greenhouse" gas, the temperature of the atmosphere would constantly increase. We do not see this at all.
There is no need at all to create some magical properties for CO2 or any other gas to explain the fact that the atmosphere is warmer than outer space. When energy is added to the atmosphere is will absorb some and warm (retain energy). What is it that warms the atmosphere? The sun and energy emitted from the planet's surface, which can be geothermal or due to radiation absorption and emission.
What CO2 does have, like all matter is a propensity to absorb energy at certain photon energy levels more than at other, i.e. at certain radiation frequencies. This is not changed by the direction from which the radiation strikes the atoms in the CO2 molecule. if CO2 absorbs energy at the Infra red frequencies more than at others, this occurs whether the radiation is coming from the sun or whether it is coming from the planet's surface. By the same argument when CO2 radiates at the infra red frequencies it will do so in any direction. What this means is that for any given energy level of the CO2 molecules in the atmosphere at any given point, the ability to absorb incident energy from the sun or the planet surface is the same and the rate at which IR radiation is emitted from CO2 is the same regardless of whether energy is being transferred upwards, downwards or sideways towards other atoms.
Perhaps the idea is that CO2 is especially sensitive to absorbing IR and thus gets especially hot. But even at densities of 400PPM the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere cannot materially effect the temperature of the gas molecules that surround it. The hotter a molecule of CO2 the more likely it is that it will be emitting radiation and transferring energy to the matter that is cooler, so cooling (reducing the energy level within) the CO2 molecule. At .04% concentration the CO2 will be cooled long before the rest of the atmosphere has been much affected. Certainly the energy levels of the Nitrogen and Oxygen molecules are not more influenced by the tiny amount of CO2 in their mix compared with their own energy balance from incident electromagnetic radiation.
The reality is that there is never any static energy balance between the sun, the atmosphere and the planet - these three elements are in constant change, every day and every season as the levels of incident energy change. The temperatures of the "warm blanket" of CO2 are not constant either. As the seasonal balance of the amount of the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and the energy balance changes then so too does the temperature.
What matters is the energy balance. CO2 does not create energy. CO2 does not create heat. CO2 does not radiate heat in one direction. There is only one thing that substantially influences the energy balance on a dynamic basis.